INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJRISS)  
ISSN No. 2454-6186 | DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS | Volume IX Issue IX September 2025  
Assessing the Relationship of Market Potential and Sustainable  
Development of the Palm Oil Dustry in One Municipalities of  
Bukidnon  
Charelle P. Tecson, Esther Ana E. Pilare, Cheryl May A. Manalo, Rachel Mae R. Dua, Mary Joy A.  
Lauron, Mercy S. Alegria  
Bukidnon State University Kadingilan Campus  
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.909000421  
Received: 07 September 2025; Accepted: 14 September 2025; Published: 14 October 2025  
ABSTRACT  
The palm oil industry is a significant contributor to the economy of Bukidnon, Philippines, driven by  
increasing global demand and its versatility in various applications. This study aims to provide a  
comprehensive analysis of the market potential and sustainable development of the palm oil industry in one  
municipality of Bukidnon. The findings are beneficial to local governments, farmers or farm owners,  
producers, investors, and consumers—helping them develop effective policies, optimize production strategies,  
make informed investment decisions, and make well-informed purchasing choices, respectively. The study  
respondents were registered members of the Kadingilan Oil Palm Planters Agricultural Cooperative (KOPPA  
COOP), consisting of farm owners who are also the farmers cultivating palm oil. A total of 300 farmers from  
17 barangays in the municipality of Kadingilan, Bukidnon, were purposively selected. The researcher  
administered survey questionnaires covering the respondents’ demographic profile, key factors influencing  
market potential, and the levels of sustainable development in environmental, social, and economic  
dimensions. The data were presented, analyzed, and interpreted using descriptive statistics such as mean,  
standard deviation, percentage, frequency, and correlation analysis. Results revealed that the palm oil industry  
in Kadingilan has a promising foundation for sustainable development, supported by a predominantly working-  
age labor force and high levels of educational attainment that facilitate adaptability and technological adoption.  
The industry also demonstrates very high market potential, characterized by strong demand, fair pricing,  
manageable competition, and a strong positive correlation between market potential and sustainable  
development.  
Keywords----- Demographic profile, economic factors, environmental factors, market potential, palm oil  
INTRODUCTION  
The global demand for vegetable oils is sharply increasing, driven by a rapidly growing population and rising  
consumption rates, creating a dynamic market ripe with both opportunity and challenge. Growth in vegetable  
oil consumption is driven mainly by economic expansion in developing countries, in most developing nations.  
The global vegetable oil market, while experiencing significant growth, is not without its challenges.  
Fluctuating prices, driven by unpredictable weather patterns, geopolitical instability and speculative trading,  
create significant instability for producers, making long-term planning difficult and impacting profitability.  
Intense competition among major producing countries and multinational corporations necessitates highly  
efficient production methods, innovative technologies, and sophisticated marketing strategies to maintain  
market share. This competition often leads to price wars and pressure to reduce production costs, potentially  
compromising sustainability efforts.  
Furthermore, growing consumer awareness of the environmental and social impact of vegetable oil production  
is placing increasing pressure on the industry to adopt more sustainable practices. This includes reducing  
deforestation, promoting biodiversity, minimizing pesticide use, and ensuring fair labor practices throughout  
the supply chain. Failure to address these sustainability concerns can lead to boycotts, stricter regulations, and  
damage to brand reputation. These global pressures significantly influence the local producers, such as in one  
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJRISS)  
ISSN No. 2454-6186 | DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS | Volume IX Issue IX September 2025  
municipality of Bukidnon, operate, forcing them to adapt to a complex and increasingly demanding market  
environment. Despite of the potential for oil palm cultivation, the industry of the one municipality of Bukidnon  
faces challenges. These include limited market access, and a lack of understanding regarding consumer  
preferences and market trends.  
This research holds significant importance for various stakeholders, providing valuable insights and data for  
informed decision-making. Local governments can leverage the findings to develop effective policies and  
strategic plans for the palm oil industry’s sustainable development. Farmers and producers will benefit from  
understanding market demands, consumer preferences, and potential price fluctuations, enabling them to  
optimize production and marketing strategies. Investors can utilize the study’s it assessment of market potential  
and risks to make informed investment decisions regarding the palm oil industry in the one municipalities of  
Bukidnon. Consumers will also be empowered to make informed purchasing decisions by gaining knowledge  
about the availability, quality, and sustainability of palm oil products in the local market. A study by Yew et al.  
(2016) emphasized the economic benefits of palm oil production, highlighting its contribution to employment  
and income generation in developing countries. Meanwhile, Paterson and Lima (2018) examines the  
environmental challenges associated with unsustainable palm oil cultivation, emphasizing the need for  
responsible land use practices to mitigate deforestation and biodiversity loss.  
This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the palm oil industry within one municipality in  
Bukidnon, focusing on its market potential, consumer profile, and sustainability considerations. The objectives  
are threefold: first, to assess the market potential by analyzing factors like demand, supply, competition, and  
growth opportunities; second, to profile the consumer base by identifying distinct consumer groups and  
understanding their needs, preferences, and purchasing patterns; and third, to evaluate the industry’s  
sustainability by assessing its environmental, social, and economic impacts, including its contribution to  
deforestation, biodiversity loss, and labor practices.  
LITERATURE REVIEW  
Resource Based Theory further developed by Kozlenkova, Samaha, and Palmatier (2014) a framework for  
predicting organizational performance and competitive advantages. Resource Based Theory focusing on  
internal resources and capabilities, contrasts with macro-level approaches emphasizing industry structure. This  
internally-driven approach emphasizes the strategic management and leveraging of internal resources for  
superior performance.  
The demographic profile of respondents in the palm oil industry, results that smallholder farmers often have  
limited access to resources and education (Diaz, 2016). This review highlights the importance of understanding  
age and gender distributions, as younger farmers are typically more open to new technologies (Hendrawan et  
al., 2024), while women face unique challenges in the sector (RSPO, 2022). Additionally, educational  
attainment affects the adoption of sustainable practices, with most workers possessing only primary or junior  
secondary education, indicating a need for vocational training (Mariana et al., 2021; Vermeulen & Goad,  
2017). Farm size and location are also critical, influencing productivity, sustainability, and market accessibility  
(World Resources Institute, 2018; Zhao et al., 2024).  
Key factors influencing the market potential of the palm oil industry include demand, supply, pricing, and  
competition. The global demand is driven by the versatility of palm oil in various industries (Grand View  
Research, 2023), while cost-effectiveness and high yield make it economically attractive (Allied Market  
Research, 2023). Supply is affected by land dedicated to cultivation, weather conditions, and the age of the  
palm oil trees (World Resources Institute, 2023). Pricing is volatile and influenced by supply and demand,  
weather, and geopolitical events (Czapp, 2024), and competition is intense, with major players focusing on  
efficiency and sustainability (Hansen et al., 2022).  
The level of sustainability development in the palm oil industry is examined through environmental, social,  
and economic dimensions. Environmental sustainability involves reducing deforestation and conserving  
biodiversity (Hanafiah et al., 2021; Meijaard et al., 2020). Social sustainability focuses on improving  
livelihoods and working conditions (Ngan et al., 2022), and economic sustainability balances profitability with  
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN SOCIAL SCIENCE (IJRISS)  
ISSN No. 2454-6186 | DOI: 10.47772/IJRISS | Volume IX Issue IX September 2025  
responsible resource management (Voora et al., 2023). The literature emphasizes the importance of sustainable  
practices and certification standards for mitigating negative impacts and ensuring long-term viability.  
Specifically, environmental factors include deforestation, pollution from palm oil mill effluents, and  
biodiversity loss. Sustainable practices such as multi-cropping, waste management, and increasing oil palm  
yield are crucial for reducing environmental impacts (Meijaard et al., 2020). Social factors involve addressing  
poverty, human rights, and equitable income distribution, with a focus on fair wages, safe working conditions,  
and community involvement (Ngan et al., 2022). Economic sustainability is tied to market potential,  
profitability, and the role of smallholder farmers, with sustainable practices and certification enhancing market  
access and consumer trust (Voora et al., 2023).  
The interplay between market potential and sustainable development reveals that high demand creates  
economic opportunities but necessitates sustainable practices to mitigate negative environmental and social  
impacts (Mohd Hanafiah et al., 2021). Certification standards, community engagement, and demographic  
factors play critical roles in promoting sustainable development in the palm oil industry (Voora et al., 2023;  
Ngan et al., 2022). Ultimately, integrating sustainable practices is essential for balancing market potential with  
long-term environmental and social benefits.  
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY  
The methodology section outlines the approaches and strategies used in the study. This includes the research  
design, locale, participants, data gathering procedure, sampling design, research instrument, validity and  
reliability, scoring procedure, and treatment of data. The details are as follows:  
This study employed a descriptive correlational research design. The design was used to explore the  
relationship between market potential and sustainable development of the palm oil industry without  
manipulating the variables.  
The study was conducted in the municipality of Kadingilan, Bukidnon. The participants were 300 registered  
members of the Kadingilan Oil Palm Planters Agricultural Cooperative (KOPPA COOP), consisting of farm  
owners and farmers.  
To effectively gather data, the researchers used a researcher-made questionnaire. The instrument consisted of  
three sections: demographics, factors influencing market potential, and sustainability development. The  
questionnaire was validated by a panel of experts and its reliability was tested through a pilot study.  
The study used purposive sampling to select the participants. This non-probability sampling method ensured  
that the selected individuals were directly involved in the palm oil industry and relevant to the study’s  
objectives.  
The data gathering procedure involved first obtaining informed consent from the participants. Face-to-face  
interviews were conducted using the questionnaire, and the responses were organized and scored by the  
researchers.  
The study used statistical treatments including mean, standard deviation, percentage, frequency, correlation  
analysis, and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). These treatments were used to analyze the data,  
determine the level of market potential and sustainability development, and establish the relationship between  
the two variables.  
FINDINGS  
The table shows the demographic profile of 300 respondents from a municipality of Bukidnon, Philippines. It  
summarizes their age, gender, education level, farm size, location of residence, and years of experience in  
business and the frequency and percentage of the sample population. Table 3 represents the profile overview of  
the characteristics of the people surveyed in the municipality  
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Table 3 Demographic Profile in Terms of Age  
Age  
Frequency  
Percentage  
7.67%  
19-28  
23  
65  
74  
80  
58  
300  
29-38  
21.67%  
24.67%  
26.67%  
19.33%  
100%  
39-48  
49-58  
58 and above  
Total  
A study of 300 participants found that the 49-58 age group was the largest, with 80 respondents (26.67%). The  
19-28 age group was the smallest, with 23 respondents (7.67%). This data supports Hendrawan et al.'s (2024)  
findings on how age influences the adoption of sustainable practices in the palm oil industry. The significant  
number of younger participants suggests a strong potential for adopting new technologies and sustainable  
methods, which could lead to increased adaptability and resilience in the industry.  
Table 4 Demographic Profile of the Participants in Terms of Sex  
Sex  
Frequency  
138  
Percentage  
46%  
Male  
Female  
Total  
162  
54%  
300  
100%  
A nearly equal gender distribution (46% male, 54% female) indicates potential involvement from both genders  
in palm oil activities. The gender distribution among respondents in the palm oil industry often reflects a  
significant involvement of women, especially in smallholder farming. According to the Roundtable on  
Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO, 2022), women play a vital role in the industry but face unique challenges such as  
unequal job opportunities and lack of protection. Ensuring gender equality and empowering women through  
training and support can enhance their contributions to the industry.  
Table 5 Demographic Profile of the participants in terms of Educational Attainment  
Educational Attainment  
Elementary Level  
Elementary Graduate  
High School Level  
High School Graduate  
College Level  
Frequency  
Percentage  
3.33%  
10  
13  
56  
78  
58  
85  
300  
4.33%  
18.67%  
26%  
19.33%  
28.33%  
100%  
College Graduate and others  
Total  
The table shows the frequency and percentage of participants educational attainment wherein it shows the  
frequency and percentage. The category of “College Graduate” and others got the highest frequency of 85 with  
the 28.43% of the percentage. This means that the owners gain a higher degree to their education. According to  
Mariana et al. (2021), most workers in the palm oil sector possess only primary and junior secondary education  
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levels, which limits their ability to engage in more complex tasks and reduces their adaptability to new  
technologies and methods. This educational gap underscores the need for vocational training programs tailored  
to the industry, as highlighted by Vermeulen and Goad (2017), who emphasize the importance of education in  
improving agricultural productivity and sustainability.  
Table 6 Demographic Profile of the Participants in Terms of Farm Size  
Farm Size  
Frequency  
Percentage  
32%  
Less than 1 hectare  
5-10 hectares  
10-15 hectares  
15-20 hectares  
20 hectares and above  
Total  
96  
94  
55  
32  
23  
300  
31.33%  
18.33%  
10.67%  
7.67%  
100%  
According to the World Resources Institute (2018), smallholder farmers in Indonesia, who manage a quarter of  
the country's palm oil plantations, are crucial for the industry's sustainability. However, they often face  
challenges like limited access to resources and training, which can lead to lower productivity. Providing  
targeted assistance to these smallholders can improve their yields and promote more sustainable practices  
across the industry.  
Table 7 Demographic Profile of the Participants in Terms of Area Location  
Area Location  
Bagor  
Frequency  
Percentage  
0.3%  
6%  
1
Baroy  
18  
61  
71  
20  
16  
6
Balaoro  
20.3%  
23.7%  
6.7%  
5.3%  
2%  
Cabadiangan  
Kibogtok  
Kibalagon  
Husayan  
Bagong Bayan  
Matampay  
Pay as  
11  
16  
15  
16  
5
3.7%  
5.3%  
5%  
Pinamangguhan  
Malinao  
5.3%  
1.7%  
9%  
San Andres  
Sibonga  
27  
3
1%  
Salvacion  
Total  
14  
300  
4.7%  
100%  
The area location of palm oil plantations significantly impacts their environmental and economic sustainability.  
According to Zhao et al. (2024), suitable land for sustainable palm oil cultivation must be carefully selected to  
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avoid deforestation and biodiversity loss. Expanding plantations into conservation landscapes can cause severe  
environmental damage, while identifying appropriate areas can support sustainable development. In regions  
like Bukidnon, ensuring that plantations are established on suitable land can mitigate environmental impacts  
and promote long-term sustainability. By focusing on sustainable land use, the palm oil industry can balance  
economic growth with environmental conservation.  
Table 8 Demographic Profile of the Participants in Terms of Number of Years in Business  
Number of years in Business  
Frequency  
Percentage  
0-1  
1-3  
0
0
0
0
3-5  
5-7  
27  
47  
9%  
15.67%  
7-9  
59  
19.67%  
9-11  
73  
94  
24.33%  
31.33%  
11 years  
Total  
300  
100  
A survey found that 31.33% of respondents had over 11 years of business experience. This high level of  
experience suggests a strong foundation for sustainable palm oil operations, as it is linked to better productivity  
and resource management, which aligns with findings from the World's Record Institute. The study also  
supports Zhao et al.'s (2024) research by showing a significant number of producers with large farms,  
highlighting the potential for large-scale, sustainable cultivation.  
Key Factors influencing the Market Potential for Palm Oil  
The survey for respondents on palm oil demand is crucial for accurately assessing market viability and  
informing sustainable development strategies within the industry. Table 9 represent the results of a survey  
designed to assess the demand for palm oil in a specific area.  
Table 9 Factors Influencing the Market Potential for Palm Oil in Terms of Demand  
Statement  
Mean  
Standard Deviation  
0.48  
Interpretation  
Ang presyo nga akong madawat sa akong palm oil 3.62  
karon patas.  
Very High Potential  
(The price I receive for my palm oil is currently fair.)  
Nagpabilin nga lig-on ang panginahanglan sa palm 3.60  
oil sa umaabot.  
0.49  
0.49  
Very High Potential  
Very High Potential  
(The demand for palm oil will remain strong in the  
future.)  
Nakaapekto sa panginahanglan sa akong palm oil 3.57  
ang mga pagbag-o sa presyo.  
(Changes in global market prices directly affect the  
demand for my palm oil.)  
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Ang panginahanglan sa palm oil sa akong lugar, 3.54  
nag-usab-usab depende sa panahon.  
0.49  
Very High Potential  
(The demand for palm oil in my area changes  
depending on the season.)  
Kung mag-invest ko sa pagpaayo sa kalidad sa 3.50  
akong palm oil, mas daghan ang mopalit sa akong  
produkto.  
0.50  
Very High Potential  
(Investing in improving the quality of my palm oil  
will increase demand for my product.)  
Total  
3.57  
0.32  
Very High Potential  
Legend:  
Numerical Rating  
Mean Range  
3.26 – 4.00  
2.51 – 3.25  
1.76 – 2.50  
1.00 - 1.75  
Description  
Strongly Agree  
Agree  
Disagree  
Strongly Disagree  
Interpretation  
Very High Potential  
High Potential  
Low Potential  
Very Low Potential  
4
3
2
1
A survey on palm oil demand found a high level of agreement among respondents, with an overall mean score  
of 3.57 out of 5, indicating strong market potential. The highest mean score (3.7) was for the statement, "The  
price I receive for my palm oil is currently fair," while the lowest (3.311) was for, "I have enough money to  
grow palm oil."  
The results support the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory, showing that producers' optimism is driven by  
their internal strengths, such as efficient operations, long-term contracts, and specialized knowledge, rather  
than external factors alone. This also aligns with research by Mohd Hanafiah et al. (2021) and Voora et al.  
(2023), which links economic stability and favorable market conditions to the adoption of sustainable practices  
in the palm oil industry.  
Table 10 Factors Influencing the Market Potential for Palm Oil in Terms of Supply  
Statement  
Mean  
Standard Deviation Interpretation  
Naa koy saktong resources para maintainar sa 3.53  
produksyon sa palm oil.  
0.50  
Very High Potential  
(I have sufficient resources to maintain my current  
palm oil production levels.)  
Naa koy saktong butangan sa materyales sa akong 3.59  
palm oil /produkto.  
0.49  
0.52  
0.49  
Very High Potential  
Very High Potential  
Very High Potential  
(I have enough space to store my palm oil.)  
Sayon ra nako nga maipadala ang akong palm oil sa 3.56  
merkado.  
(I am able to easily transport my palm oil to market.)  
Dako kaayo ang epekto sa gasto sa pagpanrabaho sa 3.55  
akong produksiyon sa palm oil.  
(Labor costs are a significant factor affecting my  
palm oil supply.)  
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Lisod kaayo ang pagpangita og mga materyales nga 3.49  
akong gikinahanglan sa paghimo og palm oil.  
0.50  
Very High Potential  
(I am facing challenges in obtaining necessary  
supplies for palm oil production.)  
Total  
3.55  
0.37  
Very  
High  
Potential  
Numerical Rating  
Mean Range  
3.26 – 4.00  
2.51 – 3.25  
1.76 – 2.50  
1.00 - 1.75  
Description  
Interpretation  
4
3
2
1
Strongly Agree  
Agree  
Very High Potential  
High Potential  
Disagree  
Low Potential  
Strongly Disagree  
Very Low Potential  
A survey on palm oil supply chain shows highly positive results, with all mean scores above 3.48 on a 4-point  
scale. Producers are optimistic about their resources, storage, and transport capabilities, which all received  
"Very High Potential" ratings.  
This data aligns with the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory, which emphasizes that a company's internal  
strengths—like efficient resources and logistics—drive competitive advantage. These findings are also  
consistent with research from the World Resources Institute (2023), which highlights the importance of  
resource management for successful palm oil production.  
Table 11 Factors Influencing the Market Potential for Palm Oil in Terms of Pricing  
Statement  
Mean  
3.56  
Standard Deviation  
0.51  
Interpretation  
Kontento ko sa presyo sa akong palm oil karon.  
(I am satisfied with the current price of my palm oil.)  
Dako ang epekto sa panahon sa presyo sa palm oil.  
Very High Potential  
3.56  
0.49  
0.53  
0.50  
0.52  
Very High Potential  
Very High Potential  
Very High Potential  
(The weather significantly affects the price of palm  
oil.)  
Motaas ang presyo sa palm oil sa sunod pipila ka 3.49  
tuig.  
(The of palm oil will increase in the next few years.)  
Igo ang kita gikan sa palm oil sa aron matabonan ang 3.48  
akong gasto sa produksiyon.  
(The price of palm oil covers my production costs.)  
Makatarunganon ang presyo sa palm oil karon.  
(The current price of palm oil is fair.)  
Total  
3.45  
Very High Potential  
Very High Potential  
3.51  
0.37  
Numerical Rating  
Mean Range  
3.26 – 4.00  
2.51 – 3.25  
1.76 – 2.50  
1.00 - 1.75  
Description  
Interpretation  
4
3
2
1
Strongly Agree  
Agree  
Very High Potential  
High Potential  
Disagree  
Low Potential  
Strongly Disagree  
Very Low Potential  
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A survey on palm oil pricing revealed high satisfaction among farmers, with an overall mean score of 3.50.  
The statement, "I am satisfied with the current price," received the highest mean (3.55), while "The current  
price is fair" received the lowest (3.45). All results were interpreted as having "Very High Potential." This data  
supports the concept of perceived value, where farmers' satisfaction is linked to their belief that current prices  
are fair and meet their expectations.  
Table 12 reveals the data accordingly to the respondents in the competition in palm oil industry.  
Table 12 Factors Influencing the Market Potential for Palm Oil in Terms of Competition  
Statements  
Mean  
Standard Deviation Interpretation  
Kusog kaayo ang kompetisyon gikan sa ubang  
mga mag-uuma og palm oil.  
3.5987  
0.49099  
Very High Potential  
(I face intense competition from other palm oil  
farmers.)  
Lisod ang pagkompetir tungod sa kanunay nga  
pagbag-o sa presyo sa palm oil.  
3.5738  
0.49535  
Very High Potential  
(The current price of palm oil is fair.)  
Sayon ang pagbaligya sa akong palm oil.  
(It's easy to sell my palm oil.)  
3.4548  
3.4783  
3.311  
0.49879  
0.50036  
0.50525  
Very High Potential  
Very High Potential  
Very High Potential  
Igo ang akong yuta sa pagpananom og palm oil.  
(I have enough land to grow palm oil.)  
Igo ang akong kuwarta sa pagpananom og palm  
oil.  
(I have enough money to grow palm oil.)  
Very  
High  
Total  
3.48  
0.34536  
Potential  
Numerical Rating  
Mean Range  
3.26 – 4.00  
2.51 – 3.25  
1.76 – 2.50  
1.00 - 1.75  
Description  
Interpretation  
4
3
2
1
Strongly Agree  
Agree  
Very High Potential  
High Potential  
Disagree  
Low Potential  
Strongly Disagree  
Very Low Potential  
Table 12 presented the data gathered from the respondents in the competition of the palm oil in the industry,  
statement “I have enough money to grow palm oil” got the lowest mean of 3.311with the standard deviation of  
0.50525 interpreted into Very High Potential. In the statement of “I face intense competition from other palm  
oil farmers,” got the highest mean of 3.5987 with the standard deviation of 0.49099 interpreted in Very High  
Potential. According to Hansen et al. (2022), the global palm oil market is highly competitive due to the  
presence of numerous large-scale producers and smallholders.  
Table 13 shows the summary of the market potential of palm oil based on the perspectives of the participants in  
this study.  
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Table 13 Summary of Market Potential of Palm Oil  
Dimensions  
Demand  
Mean  
3.57  
3.54  
3.50  
3.48  
3.52  
Std. Deviation  
0.32  
0.37  
0.37  
0.3  
Supply  
Pricing  
Competition  
OVERALL MEAN  
0.30  
Table 13 reveals the factors influencing the market potential for palm oil where the demand ranging in 3.57 in  
mean with the standard deviation of 0.32. In the supply has a result of 3.54 in the mean with the standard  
deviation of 0.37. In the pricing has a mean of 3.50 with the standard deviation of 0.37. In competition there is  
3.48 in mean and its standard deviation of 0.34. Its overall mean is 3.52 and standard deviation ranging into  
0.30.  
Table 14 reveals the data collected from the respondents in the environmental factors.  
Table 14 Level of Sustainability Development in Terms of Environmental Factors  
Statement  
Mean  
Standard Deviation  
Interpretation  
Naggamit kog natural nga abono.  
(I use natural fertilizers.)  
Husto ang akong pagdumala sa basura.  
(I manage waste properly.)  
3.4133  
0.49  
Very  
Sustainability  
High  
High  
High  
3.51  
0.50  
0.49  
Very  
Sustainability  
Likayan nako ang mga pestisidyo nga 3.37  
makadaot sa kalikopan.  
Very  
Sustainability  
(I avoid harmful pesticides.)  
Naggamit kog mga pamaagi sa pagpananom 3.51  
nga nagpabilin sa kalikopan.  
0.50  
0.49  
Very  
Sustainability  
High  
High  
(I use sustainable farming methods.)  
Nahibalo ko sa epekto sa pagpananom og 3.5333  
palm oil sa kalikopan.  
Very  
Sustainability  
(I am aware of the environmental impact of  
palm oil farming.)  
Total  
3.46  
0.35  
Very  
High  
Sustainability  
Numerical  
Rating  
Mean Range  
Description  
Interpretation  
4
3
2
1
3.26 – 4.00  
2.51- 3.25  
1.76 – 2.50  
1.00 – 1.75  
Strongly Agree  
Agree  
Very High Sustainability  
High Sustainability  
Low Sustainability  
Disagree  
Strongly Disagree Very Low Sustainability  
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A survey on the environmental factors of palm oil farming showed a "Very High Sustainability" level, with  
an overall mean score of 3.46. Respondents reported strong engagement in practices like using natural  
fertilizers, managing waste, avoiding harmful pesticides, and using sustainable farming methods. The highest  
mean score was for awareness of the environmental impact of palm oil farming (3.53). These findings align  
with research on sustainable agriculture and highlight the importance of education in promoting  
environmentally responsible practices.  
Table 15 reveals the data gathered in the social factor of the palm oil.  
Table 15 Level of Sustainability Development in terms of Social Factors  
Statement  
Mean  
Standard Deviation  
Interpretation  
Naggamit kog natural nga abono.  
(I use natural fertilizers.)  
Husto ang akong pagdumala sa basura.  
(I manage waste properly.)  
3.41  
0.49  
Very  
Sustainability  
High  
High  
High  
3.51  
0.50  
0.49  
Very  
Sustainability  
Likayan nako ang mga pestisidyo nga 3.37  
makadaot sa kalikopan.  
Very  
Sustainability  
(I avoid harmful pesticides.)  
Naggamit kog mga pamaagi sa pagpananom 3.51  
nga nagpabilin sa kalikopan.  
0.50  
0.49  
Very  
Sustainability  
High  
High  
(I use sustainable farming methods.)  
Nahibalo ko sa epekto sa pagpananom og 3.53  
palm oil sa kalikopan.  
Very  
Sustainability  
(I am aware of the environmental impact of  
palm oil farming.)  
Total  
3.46  
0.34  
Very  
High  
Sustainability  
Numerical Rating  
Mean Range  
3.26 – 4.00  
2.51- 3.25  
1.76 – 2.50  
1.00 – 1.75  
Description  
Strongly Agree  
Agree  
Disagree  
Strongly Disagree  
Interpretation  
Very High Sustainability  
High Sustainability  
Low Sustainability  
Very Low Sustainability  
4
3
2
1
The table 15 presented the data that reflects a “Very High Sustainability” rating across all measured social  
factors, as indicated by the mean scores ranging from 3.48 to 3.7, falling within the “3.26 – 4.00” mean range.  
This suggests a strong positive perception among respondents regarding the social aspects of their work  
environment or community. Specifically, valuing co-worker opinions, maintaining good relationships,  
receiving fair wages, contributing to community well-being, and participating in community events are all  
perceived as highly sustainable. Studies have shown that strong social networks and inclusive community  
engagement contribute significantly to overall well-being and resilience (Pretty & Wardsworth, 2017).  
Table 16 presented the data gathered from the respondents regarding to the economic factor in the palm oil  
industry.  
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Table 16 Level of Sustainability Development in terms of Economic Factors  
Statement Mean Standard Deviation  
Interpretation  
Nakahatag og lig-on nga kita ang pagpananom 3.51  
og palm oil sa akong pamilya.  
0.50  
Very High Sustainability  
(Palm oil farming provides a stable income for  
my family.)  
Igo ang akong sweldo aron matubag ang akong 3.49  
panginahanglan.  
0.50  
Very High Sustainability  
(My wages are sufficient to meet my basic  
needs.)  
Lig-on ug kasaligan ang akong kita.  
(My income is stable and reliable.)  
3.42  
0.49  
0.50  
Very High Sustainability  
Very High Sustainability  
Naghatag ang akong amo og luwas nga 3.52  
kondisyon sa pagtrabaho.  
(My  
employer  
provides  
safe  
working  
conditions.)  
Makasulod ko sa edukasyon sa akong mga 3.45  
anak.  
0.49  
Very High Sustainability  
(I am able to afford education for my children.)  
Total  
3.48  
0.33  
Very  
High  
Sustainability  
Numerical Rating  
Mean Range  
3.26 – 4.00  
2.51- 3.25  
1.76 – 2.50  
1.00 – 1.75  
Description  
Strongly Agree  
Agree  
Disagree  
Strongly Disagree  
Interpretation  
Very High Sustainability  
High Sustainability  
Low Sustainability  
Very Low Sustainability  
4
3
2
1
A study on the economic factors of palm oil farming reveals a "Very High Sustainability" rating. With mean  
scores ranging from 3.42 to 3.51, respondents feel their work provides a stable and reliable income that meets  
their basic needs. They also report safe working conditions and the ability to afford education for their  
children. These findings align with research emphasizing that economic stability and security are essential for  
sustainable livelihoods.  
Table 17 shows the summary in level of sustainability development.  
Table 17 Summary of Level of Sustainability Development  
Dimensions  
Mean  
Std. Deviation  
Environmental Factor  
Social Factor  
3.46  
3.60  
0.34  
0.34  
Economic Factor  
3.48  
0.33  
OVERALL MEAN  
3.51  
0.29  
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This table presents the data in the summary in level of sustainability development in environmental factor,  
social factor and the economic factor. Its overall mean result in 3.51 and the standard deviation of 0.96.  
Significant Difference in Level of Sustainability when Grouped According to Profile  
Table 18 table reveals the results of the regression analysis conducted to determine if the level of sustainability  
differed according to the participants’ demographic profile.  
Table 18 Regression Analysis  
Dependent  
Variable:  
Respondents’  
Sustainability  
Source  
SS  
df  
1
MS  
F
Sig.  
Age  
0.001  
0.041  
0.036  
0.061  
11.534  
0.069  
0.001  
0.041  
0.036  
0.061  
0.824  
0.069  
0.019  
0.907  
0.787  
1.349  
18.148  
1.515  
0.892  
0.343  
0.377  
0.248  
0
Sex  
1
Educational Attainment  
Farm Size  
1
1
Area Location  
Years in Business  
14  
1
0.221  
A one-way ANOVA test was conducted to see if sustainability scores differed based on a person's profile. The  
only significant difference found was based on Area Location (F = 18.148, p = 0.000). This suggests that  
sustainability levels vary by geographic area, likely due to differences in environmental conditions,  
resources, or local policies. All other factors, including age, sex, education, farm size, and years in business,  
showed no significant difference.  
Table 19 presents the statistical results using correlation in determining the significant relationship between  
market potential and sustainability development.  
Table 19 Correlation Analysis  
Market Potential  
r
.739**  
p-value  
< .001  
Demand  
Supply  
Pricing  
r
.598**  
< .001  
.671**  
< .001  
.632**  
p-value  
r
p-value  
r
p-value  
< .001  
Competition  
r
.656**  
p-value  
< .001  
A correlation analysis revealed a strong and significant positive relationship between market potential and  
sustainability development (r = .739, p < .001). This means that as market potential increases, so does  
sustainability. All components of market potential—Demand, Supply, Pricing, and Competition—also showed  
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a positive and significant correlation with sustainability. This suggests that favorable market conditions like  
stable demand, efficient supply chains, and fair pricing are crucial for promoting sustainable practices. This  
aligns with economic sustainability theory, which emphasizes the role of viable markets in driving sustainable  
development.  
DISCUSSION  
Based on the study’s findings, the palm oil industry in Kadingilan, Bukidnon, demonstrates a high potential  
environment characterized by both significant market potential and a foundation for sustainable development.  
The demographic profile of the respondents reveals a predominantly working-age labor force with increasing  
levels of educational attainment, facilitating adaptability and the adoption of technological advancements. The  
key factors influencing market potential indicate strong demand, relatively fair pricing, and manageable  
competition, contributing to an overall optimistic outlook for the industry’s economic viability. However, it is  
important to address challenges related to supply chain stability and pricing volatility to ensure long-term  
success.  
The study emphasizes the Interplay between market potential and sustainable development, highlighting the  
importance of integrating environmental, social, and economic factors. While the industry exhibits strong  
sustainability practices, particularly in awareness of environmental impacts and social well-being, disparities  
exist across different demographic groups. And the area location significantly influences sustainability scores,  
suggesting that geographical factors and localized conditions play a critical role. Moreover, the study reveals a  
strong positive correlation between market potential and sustainability development, implying that favorable  
market conditions can drive and support the adoption of sustainable practices, and vice versa.  
CONCLUSION  
The palm oil industry in Kadingilan has the potential for sustained growth and development, provided that  
stakeholders prioritize and implement holistic sustainability measures. Addressing challenges related to supply  
chain management, environmental degradation, and social equity is essential for ensuring the industry’s long-  
term viability and positive impact on the local community. By capitalizing on the existing market potential and  
fostering a culture of sustainability, the palm oil industry in Kadingilan can serve as a model for responsible  
and inclusive economic development.  
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  
The researchers are eternally grateful and thankful to Ms. Niña Marie Jamisolamin, the exceptionally  
supportive and dedicated Campus In-Charge chairperson of the board, for her kindness and dedication.  
We are also thankful to the very active research adviser Ms. Charelle P. Tecson, the researchers offer deep  
gratitude for everything she taught. Also, for their invaluable guidance and expertise throughout this study. We  
appreciate the time and effort they took to review and provide feedback on our work.  
To the meticulous editor, Dr. Jahzeel M. Candilasa, heartfelt appreciation for the invaluable insights and  
meticulous feedback that significantly enhanced the quality of this research. The researchers extend their  
sincerest gratitude to Dr. Jahzeel M. Candilasa for the expert editorial guidance, constructive criticisms, and  
thoughtful suggestions that greatly improved the clarity and coherence of this paper.  
We acknowledge that this research would not have been possible without the contributions of our research  
adviser and panelists.  
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